Understanding the Relationship between Alexithymia and Self-Harm - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1100 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2018/12/15 Category Psychology Essay Type Dissertation Level High school Tags: Behavior Essay Emotion Essay Did you like this example? I. Background and Rationale a) Introduction Self-injurious behaviors are a concern among young adults and require a better discernment of hazardous aspects and pathways to these occurrences (Anestis et al., 2009). These young adults predicate that their self-inflicted acts, involving low lethality methods such as burning skin or skin cuts, are not suicidal. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Understanding the Relationship between Alexithymia and Self-Harm" essay for you Create order Developmental psychopathology models have processes and proposed mechanisms through which hostile caregiving environments or childhood ill-treatment experiences can lead to engagement in non-suicidal acts (Roemer et al., 2009). Frameworks reiterating the foundations of the interpersonal rate of affectedness assumes that hostile caregiving environments and consequent insecure attachments are associated with slow development, this inhibits or stimulates dealing with emotional afflictions. b) Study Rationale Research which was done to determine insecure attachments, emotion regulation deficits, and non-suicidal self-injury have been limited and inconsistent. Well-developed theoretical and conceptual models (Hayes et al., 1996) should be the focus. There has been consistent evidence for destructive patterns of emotion regulation among self-injuring youth and greater self-reported emotional reactivity (Gratz, 2007) when subjected to stimuli. Self-injury is also found to be a means to regulate negative emotions. II. Discussion a) Attachment The role of attachment disorder is relatively established; the limitation is the scarcity of research in the specific attachment triggers that increase the vulnerability for self injury. there is less clarity on the specific attachment trigger which increases the vulnerability for self-injury. Higher attachment anxiety has been implicated among self-injuring adult psychiatric inpatients, but other research reported an association between withdrawn attachment and self-injury among individuals with personality disorder. Despite the growing interest in understanding the antecedents and risk factors connected to (NSSI), studies that examine both attachment disorder and emotion regulation difficulties are scarce. High self-esteem and the ability to adjust psychologically are firm indicators of positive emotional intelligence, whereas factors such as depression, distressing and harmful behavior are proponents of negative or low emotional intelligence (Hazan Shaver, 1987). There ex ists a strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and mental challenges as evidenced by (Aleman swart, 2009), The positive quality of life brought about by higher emotional intelligence and consequently mental conditions such as psychopathology tend to develop among individuals due to low emotional intelligence. b) Theories Theories in behavioral patterns of psychopathology indicate the importance of problematic behavior functions (Fischer et al., 2004). NSSI is influenced by emotional personality, regulation and stimulation. Emotions which include frustration, anxiety, and anger tend to predate NSSI, which is usually followed by feelings of serenity and relief but leads to despair and disgust in the long run (Manwaring et al., 2006). In a study psychology setup, male prisoners with a history of self-violence were observed to determine the prevalence of emotional feedback about self-harm. When correlated with the control group, self-harm volunteers responded with a reduction in physiological stimulation as well as repugnant emotion to images of self-harm, contrary to neutral situations and injuries which are accidental. Individuals with emotional disorder are likely to cause bodily harm, and could be used to explain the susceptibility for those with high alexithymia attempt such acts (Bishop et al. , 2004). Several emotional therapy models have been designed to reduce the susceptibility to self-harm (Gratz, 2007) and, individuals that have been found to show emotional instability were said to be suffering from high alexithymia (Stasiewicz et al., 2012; Taylor, 2000) and be likely to use suppressed regulation techniques than positive strategies. Authors conclude that alexithymia is an acquired strategy to avert overwhelming emotions. According to Chapman and Brown (2006) prevention of emotion can be prevented through identification of self-harm as a channel for warding off feelings. Therefore, it is justified to state that the mechanism that sheds light on the relationship between alexithymia and self- harm is experiential prevention. Conclusively, it is concise to propose that low childhood attachments are a determining factor in the progression and development of alexithymia and self- harm as stated by Oskis et al, (2013) and Van der Kolk, Perry, and Herman (1991). Fina lly, poor childhood attachment is a causal factor in the development of alexithymia (Oskis et al, 2013) and self-harm (Van, Herman Perry, 1991). Identifying a feeling subscale of TAS20 is closely related to the fear of seclusion, following a study conducted by Oskis et al, (2013) on adolescents. It is a plausible assumption to indicate poor attachment as a subliminal reason for the preventive behavior noticed in individuals with a higher level of alexithymia and self-harming behaviors. III. Conclusion Despite the fact that many of these factors have been quantified and contrasted bilaterally in the literature, a bonding agent is lacking, to bind them together to fully grasp the mechanisms by which alexithymia might be related to self-harm (Chambers et al., 2009). The present review is directed towards a test model in which alexithymia separates them from self-harm. The dearth of reliable and concise evidence of the relationship between NSSI and alexithymia has left some of studies that evaluated the function of emotional response as well as the capacity to comprehend and show emotional states in adolescents who inflict self-harm. References D.J Lyddon, W Schreiber, Alford, (2006). Emotion working models of adult attachment. Psychology quarterly. Fink, E. L., Joiner, M. D. Smith, Anestis, (2009). Distress and Unregulated eating: The role of adverse urgency in clinical samples. Cognitive Therapy, 33, 390-397. Aderson. N. D.,Carmody J., Bishop, S.R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., et al., (2004) A An Operational definition proposed in clinical psychology and mindfulness: science practice, 11(3), 230-241. Gullone, G., Allen, N. B., Chambers, R., (2009). An integrative review. Emotional regulation mindfulness. Clinical Psychology Review, 29, 560-572 Fischer, S., Anderson, K. G., Smith, G. T. (2004). Coping with distress by eating or drinking: Role of trait urgency and expectancies. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 18, 269-274. Gratz, K. L Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emoti on regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26, 41-54. Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Strosahl, K., Gifford, E. V., Follett, V. M. (1996). Experiential avoidance and behavioral disorders: A functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 1152-1168. Hazan, C., Shaver, P. R. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 511-524. Manwaring, J.L., Hilbert, A., Wifley, D.E., Pike, K.M., Fairburn, C.G., Dohm, F. Striegal-Moore, R. H. (2006). Risk factors and patterns of onset in binge eating disorder. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 39, 101-107. Roemer, L., Lee, J. K., Salters-Pedneault, K., Erisman, S. M., Orsillo, S. M., Mennin, D. S. (2009). Mindfulness and emotion regulation difficulties in Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Preliminary evidence for independent and overlapping contributions. Behavior Therapy, 40, 1 42-154.

Civil Disobedience By Henry David Thoreaus Letter From A...

Today I will be comparing Civil Disobedience by Henry David Thoreau and The Letter from a Birmingham Jail by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr and taking a closer look at their rhetorical devices and strategy’s. In Civil disobedience by Henry David Thoreau shows us the need to prioritize some one’s wellbeing over what the law says. American laws are criticized mostly over slavery and the Mexican-American war. In Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail† was written in response to a letter written by clergymen criticizing the actions of Dr. King and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) during their protests in Birmingham, Alabama. The first article I will be analyzing is Civil Disobedience by Henry David Thoreau.†¦show more content†¦For one he definitely felt the need that a government that is unjust cannot be a government. He goes on long-winded about how a person should not have to follow a â€Å"law† if it is unjust. He himself actually, explains to us in his writing that he was arrested for not paying his taxes. Why? Well because he stood up against a law he thought was unjust. He did this because slavery was not being abolished. This exemplifies his reasoning. It also shows why his argument is logical. He states in his opening paragraph â€Å"also I believe—‘That government is best which governs not at all’ he puts meaning to this saying. He is not saying that no government is needed, but better yet that if a government is not governing â€Å"just† laws, then it is not governing at all. My second article that I will be analyzing is the Letter from Birmingham Jail by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Although ethos is only once explicitly used in Dr. King’s letter, he successfully builds credibility through the teachings of other well-known historical figures and stakes claims on a moral truth being higher than any local laws and ordinances. 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Essay on The Unique Characteristics of Rubies - 1048 Words

Being born in the month of July means that one’s birthstone happens to be the pink to blood-red colored gemstone called the Ruby. The word â€Å"ruby† comes from yet another word, â€Å"ruber† which translates in to red from the dead language of latin, even though this stone is not necessarily always red. Rubies are used most used modernly in jewelry, but are valued by the scientific world through the use of lasers. But July’s birthstone, ruby, has a lot more to what you see physically. From it is chemical formula to it’s environment and how it is formed, rubies have unique characteristics that no other gemstone has. Chemical Formula Every kind of gemstone’s chemical formula is unique and its very own, and is used as a way to identify what kind†¦show more content†¦Specific Gravity Specific Gravity in an element is As for a specific gravity, rubies have an average of about 3.97 to 4.05, making it a heavy stone according to a â€Å"Specific Gravity Chart† (GemSelect.com). 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Genesis And Theogony Plagiarism Essay Example For Students

Genesis And Theogony Plagiarism? Essay Genesis and TheogonyPlagiarism? The Book of Genesis is a compilation, and like every compilation it has a wide variety of contributors who, in turn, have their individual influence upon the final work. It is no surprise, then, that there exist certain parallels between the Theogony, the cosmogony of the early Greeks, and the Book of Genesis, the first part of the Pentateuch section of the Bible. In fact, arguments may be made that the extent of this borrowing, as it were, is not limited to Genesis; the Theogony has its own roots in Greek mythology, predating the Book of Genesis by a thousand years. A superficial examination of this evidence would erroneously lead one to believe that Genesis is somewhat a collection of older mythology re-written specifically for the Semites. In fact, what develops is that the writers have addressed each myth as a separate issue, and what the writers say is that their God surpasses every other. Each myth or text that has a counterpart in Genesis only serves to further an important idea among the Hebrews: there is but one God, and He is omnipotent, omniscient, and other-worldly; He is not of this world, but outside it, apart from it. The idea of a monotheistic religion is first evinced in recorded history with Judaism, and it is vital to see that instead of being an example of plagiarism, the Book of Genesis is a meticulously composed document that will set apart the Hebrew God from the others before, and after. If we trace back to the first appearance of Genesis in written form, in its earliest translation, we arrive at 444 B.C.; In order to fully comprehend the origin of the story we must venture further back in time. We can begin with the father of the Hebrew people, Abraham. We can deduce when he lived, and find that he lived around 1900 B.C. in ancient Mesopotamia. If we examine his world and its culture, we may find the reasons behind certain references in Genesis, and the mythologies of Theogony they resemble. Abraham lived during a time of great prosperity and a remarkably advanced culture. Homes were comfortable, even luxurious. We can also deduce that it was a relatively stable and peaceful society; its art is characterized by the absence of any warlike activity, paintings or sculptures. Outside the cities the early nomadic tribes of Israel were, taking with them the early traditions, and in varying latitudes modified them according to the current external influences. The message remained constant, but the context would subtly change. There were tribes of Israel in Egypt during the Egyptian Middle Kingdom period, which certainly exposed these people to Egyptian culture as well as Babylonian culture as a result of trade between the two kingdoms. Having placed Abraham and certain early Semites in this time, we now understand the culture they knew and the impact it had on the creation of Genesis. The book of Genesis is about the beginnings of creation and life on earth. It begins with nothingness and in the first seven days following God creates the heavens and the earth, light and darkness, the seas, plant life, then came the sun and the moon, the fowls and the creatures who roam the lands, followed by humankind to finish it all off. Comparing the creation aspects of Genesis to Theogony, we see that the earth was again created out of nothingness known as Chaos. Chaos, instead of creating everything on earth, created several other godly beings to create the earth as it is today. Therefore, it can be deduced that the stories of Genesis we derived from the stories of the gods and goddesses of Theogony. Another similarity the stories possess is in the identity and condemnation of women as evil. In Theogony women were created to be an evil placed upon the earth to cause suffering for men because Iapetos, a mischievous god, stole fire from Zeus and presented it to man. Panofsky's Views On Van Eyck Essay In retaliation, Zeus had his lame smith mold the shape of a modest maiden (572). The figure was then clothed by Athena and was placed upon the earth as a tempting snare from which men cannot .